讚美 grobi 自動設定 X11 螢幕
我最近又開始使用grobi 程式,作者 Alexander Neumann(亞歷山大·諾伊曼),驚喜地發現它讓我使用那台有點難搞(但非常棒的)Dell 32 吋 8K 螢幕 (UP3218K)變得方便許多——比起我之前仰賴 sleep 的做法,現在能更快取得訊號。
先前,當我的電腦從 suspend-to-RAM(暫停至記憶體)喚醒時,會出現兩種情況:
在情境 ② 中,或是情境 ① 的一次性設定嘗試失敗時,我就得從另一台電腦透過 SSH 連線,手動執行xrandr,螢幕才會有訊號:
% DISPLAY=:0 xrandr \
--output DP-4 --mode 3840x4320 --panning 0x0+0+0 \
--output DP-2 --right-of DP-4 --mode 3840x4320 --panning 0x0+3840+0
透過 grobi 自動設定螢幕
我現在已經透過建立下列~/.config/grobi.conf檔案,徹底解決了這個問題:
rules:
- name: UP3218K
outputs_connected: [DP-2, DP-4]
# DP-4 is left, DP-2 is right
configure_row:
- DP-4@3840x4320
- DP-2@3840x4320
# atomic instructs grobi to only call xrandr once and configure all the
# outputs. This does not always work with all graphic cards, but is
# needed to successfully configure the UP3218K monitor.
atomic: true
…並在 Arch Linux 上使用下列指令安裝/啟用grobi:
% sudo pacman -S grobi
% systemctl --user enable --now grobi
每當grobi偵測到我的螢幕已連接(它會監聽X11 RandR輸出變更事件),就會執行xrandr(1)來設定螢幕的解析度與位置。
若要查看grobi偵測到什麼/正在做什麼,可以使用:
% systemctl --user status grobi
% journalctl --user -u grob
例如,在我的系統上,我看到:
grobi: 18:31:48.823765 outputs: [HDMI-0 (primary) DP-0 DP-1 DP-2 (connected) 3840x2160+ [DEL-16711-808727372-DELL UP3218K-D2HP805I043L] DP-3 DP-4 (connected) 3840x21>
grobi: 18:31:48.823783 new rule found: UP3218K
grobi: 18:31:48.823785 enable outputs: [DP-4@3840x4320 DP-2@3840x4320]
grobi: 18:31:48.823789 using one atomic call to xrandr
grobi: 18:31:48.823806 running command /usr/bin/xrandr xrandr --output DP-4 --mode 3840x4320 --output DP-2 --mode 3840x4320 --right-of DP-4
grobi: 18:31:49.285944 new RANDR change event received
值得注意的是,現在要脫離異常狀態(沒有訊號)的做法,就是把螢幕電源關掉再重新開啟。這會產生 RandR 輸出變更事件,進而觸發grobi,由它執行xrandr來設定螢幕。真不錯!
為什麼不用 autorandr?
沒有特別的原因。我本來就認識grobi。
無論如何,grobi是用 Go 寫的,所以未來幾年應該都能穩定運作。
grobi 能在 Wayland 上運作嗎?
大概不行。在grobi 儲存庫上完全沒有提到 Wayland。
額外收錄:我的 Suspend-to-RAM 設定
作為額外收錄,本節說明我螢幕相關自動化的另一半。
當我將電腦暫停至記憶體後,我有兩種喚醒需求:一是之後手動喚醒,例如按下鍵盤上的按鍵或發送 Wake-on-LAN(網路喚醒)封包,二是希望它每天早上 6:50 自動喚醒——這樣每日的 cron 工作就能在我開始使用電腦前先執行一段時間。
為了達成這個目的,我使用zleep,這是一個包裝rtcwake(8)與systemctl suspend的外包裝程式,它會與 myStrom switch 智慧插座整合,徹底切斷螢幕的電源。這樣做很值得,因為螢幕就算在待機狀態下仍會耗費 30W!
package main
import (
"context"
"flag"
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"net/url"
"os"
"os/exec"
"time"
)
var (
resume = flag.Bool("resume",
false,
"run resume behavior only (turn on monitor via smart plug)")
noMonitor = flag.Bool("no_monitor",
false,
"disable turning off/on monitor")
)
func monitorPower(ctx context.Context, method, cmnd string) error {
if *noMonitor {
log.Printf("[monitor power] skipping because -no_monitor flag is set")
return nil
}
log.Printf("[monitor power] command: %v", cmnd)
u, err := url.Parse("http://myStrom-Switch-A46FD0/" + cmnd)
if err != nil {
return err
}
for {
if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
return err
}
req, err := http.NewRequest(method, u.String(), nil)
if err != nil {
return err
}
ctx, canc := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 5*time.Second)
defer canc()
req = req.WithContext(ctx)
resp, err := http.DefaultClient.Do(req)
if err != nil {
log.Print(err)
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
continue
}
if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
log.Printf("unexpected HTTP status code: got %v, want %v", resp.Status, http.StatusOK)
time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
continue
}
log.Printf("[monitor power] request succeeded")
return nil
}
}
func nextWakeup(now time.Time) time.Time {
midnight := time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day(), 0, 0, 0, 0, time.Local)
if now.Hour() < 6 {
// wake up today
return midnight.Add(6*time.Hour + 50*time.Minute)
}
// wake up tomorrow
return midnight.Add(24 * time.Hour).Add(6*time.Hour + 50*time.Minute)
}
func runResume() error {
// Retry for up to one minute to give the network some time to come up
ctx, canc := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Minute)
defer canc()
if err := monitorPower(ctx, "GET", "relay?state=1"); err != nil {
log.Print(err)
}
return nil
}
func zleep() error {
ctx := context.Background()
now := time.Now().Truncate(1 * time.Second)
wakeup := nextWakeup(now)
log.Printf("now : %v", now)
log.Printf("wakeup: %v", wakeup)
log.Printf("wakeup: %v (timestamp)", wakeup.Unix())
// assumes hwclock is running in UTC (see timedatectl | grep local)
// Power the monitor off in 15 seconds.
// mode=on is intentional: https://api.mystrom.ch/#e532f952-36ea-40fb-a180-a57b835f550e
// - the switch will be turned on (already on, so this is a no-op)
// - the switch will wait for 15 seconds
// - the switch will be turned off
if err := monitorPower(ctx, "POST", "timer?mode=on&time=15"); err != nil {
log.Print(err)
}
sleep := exec.Command("sh", "-c", fmt.Sprintf("sudo rtcwake -m no --verbose --utc -t %v && sudo systemctl suspend", wakeup.Unix()))
sleep.Stdout = os.Stdout
sleep.Stderr = os.Stderr
fmt.Printf("running %v\n", sleep.Args)
if err := sleep.Run(); err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("%v: %v", sleep.Args, err)
}
return nil
}
func main() {
flag.Parse()
if *resume {
if err := runResume(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
} else {
if err := zsleep(); err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
}
}
為了在恢復後重新開啟螢幕電源,我在/lib/systemd/system-sleep/zleep.sh放置了下列 shell 指令稿:
#!/bin/sh
case "$1" in
pre) exit 0
;;
post) /usr/local/bin/zleep -resume
exit 0
;;
*) exit 1
;;
esac
電源開啟後,grobi 就會偵測並設定螢幕。
以下是程式實際執行的情況:
2025/05/06 21:58:32 now : 2025-05-06 21:58:32 +0200 CEST
2025/05/06 21:58:32 wakeup: 2025-05-07 06:50:00 +0200 CEST
2025/05/06 21:58:32 wakeup: 1746593400 (timestamp)
2025/05/06 21:58:32 [monitor power] command: timer?mode=on&time=15
2025/05/06 21:58:32 [monitor power] request succeeded
running [sh -c sudo rtcwake -m no --verbose --utc -t 1746593400 && sudo systemctl suspend]
Using UTC time.
delta = 0
tzone = 0
tzname = UTC
systime = 1746561512, (UTC) Tue May 6 19:58:32 2025
rtctime = 1746561512, (UTC) Tue May 6 19:58:32 2025
alarm 1746593400, sys_time 1746561512, rtc_time 1746561512, seconds 0
rtcwake: wakeup using /dev/rtc0 at Wed May 7 04:50:00 2025
suspend mode: no; leaving
隨機一篇部落格